In this section you'll find for, while and until loops.
The for loop is a little bit different from other programming languages. Basically, it let's you iterate over a series of 'words' within a string.
The while executes a piece of code if the control expression is true, and only stops when it is false (or a explicit break is found within the executed code.
The until loop is almost equal to the while loop, except that the code is executed while the control expression evaluates to false.
If you suspect that while and until are very similar you are right.
#!/bin/bash for i in $( ls ); do echo item: $i done
On the second line, we declare i to be the variable that will take the different values contained in $( ls ).
The third line could be longer if needed, or there could be more lines before the done (4).
'done' (4) indicates that the code that used the value of $i has finished and $i can take a new value.
This script has very little sense, but a more useful way to use the for loop would be to use it to match only certain files on the previous example
Errata
break [n] # exit n levels of loop
continue [n] # go to next iteration of loop n up
for x in 1 2 3 4 5 # or for x in {1..5}
do
echo "The value of x is $x";
done
LIMIT=10 for ((x=1; x <= LIMIT ; x++)) do echo -n "$x " done
for file in *~ do echo "$file" done
fiesh suggested adding this form of looping. It's a for loop more similar to C/perl... for.
#!/bin/bash for i in `seq 1 10`; do echo $i done
#!/bin/bash COUNTER=0 while [ $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do echo The counter is $COUNTER let COUNTER=COUNTER+1 done
This script 'emulates' the well known (C, Pascal, perl, etc) 'for' structure
#!/bin/bash COUNTER=20 until [ $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do echo COUNTER $COUNTER let COUNTER-=1 done